Transportation
Transportation is a stressful time for all poultry, whether it is chicks being transported from the hatchery to the rearing site, pullets being transported from the rearing site to laying site or at depletion. Minimising the stress associated with transportation can often be overlooked, however, the type of transportation, weather conditions and journey time are all factors that should be carefully considered when moving poultry.
Chicks from the hatchery, have normally been handled, vaccinated, and put on trays on temperature regulated lorries for transport. This means that before they have even left the hatchery, they have experienced some stress, and extra consideration is needed to ensure their welfare whilst on their journey. Regulation guidelines state that a minimum of 21-25cmsq should be provided per chick and food and water must be provided after 24 hours travelling if the journey is completed 72 hours after hatch. This is because the chicks can rely on some of their yolk sac supplies during this period. Chicks are usually transported in temperature regulated lorries that keep the birds at a steady temperature (32-35oC) and humidity to help to minimise the stress experienced during transport. However, temperature fluctuations can occur and the chicks can be overheated or chilled on transport. Issues with temperature control can also occur at unloading, especially if the chicks are left in adverse weather conditions during this time. In these situations, the use of energy products or electrolyte solutions can greatly benefit the birds, as these will help to boost their energy allowing them to better self-regulate their temperature. Ensuring the house temperatures (air 32-35oC, floor 28-30oC) and other parameters (CO2 and humidity) are correct in anticipation for chick arrival, as well as providing sufficient water and making feed readily available on tipping allows the birds to eat and drink quickly. Chicks that undergo extensive travel times absorb significant energy stores and require easy access to food and water to restore these levels or they can become more susceptible to disease.
Pullets and birds leaving the farm at depletion undergo significant stress prior to being transported due to being caught up and put into the transport crates. Regulation guidelines allow them to be transported for 12 hours before food and water must be provided. During transportation, these birds are more susceptible to adverse weather conditions as they do not have the protection of a thermoregulated lorry. It is therefore important to consider the temperature and weather conditions during the transportation process and at arrival as these changes can cause considerable stress and make the birds more susceptible to disease. The provision of supplements or essential oils can benefit the birds during this period. For example, in hot weather electrolytes should be provided to help prevent dehydration, and energy supplements can aid birds who have been on a lorry for a long time and depleted their energy stores. Essential oils or organic acids may also help to support the gut health of birds who have been significantly stressed.
We would advise speaking to your vet to ensure you have the correct products and preventative protocols in place to reduce bird stress during transport and potential issues with your birds on arrival.
